A study of prevalence and comparison of anxiety and depression among separated, divorced and widowed females in the rural population

Background: Psychological distress is an important immediate outcome of the death of a spouse or divorce, which may arise because of financial and emo?onal challenges and can lead to adverse health outcomes with more stress, anxiety, depression, and social isola?on than the general popula?on. Methods: Cross-sec?onal study among separated, divorced, and widowed females from two rural villages. All eligible par?cipants were screened for depression and anxiety using DSM 5 criteria. The severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton depression ra?ng scale (HDRS) and for anxiety, the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) was used. Results: Out of 162 women, 30% had mild depression whereas 42% of widow and divorced women had moderate levels of depression but it is in 50% of separated women. Severe and very severe level of depression was in around 20% of widowed and divorced women compared to 16% of separated women. There was no anxiety in around 80% of divorced and widowed women whereas 24.3% of separated women had severe anxiety. On regression analysis, separated women, dependent women, and those with less than two years of dura?on of separa?on had higher levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is more common in all three groups. Moderate to severe Depression is around 75% among divorced/separated and widowed females but moderate to severe anxiety was more in separated women compared to widowed women. Dependency and the early phase of widowhood/separa?on were also important associated factors.

The current status of anti-GPCR drugs against different cancers / 药物分析学报

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as the most potential target for a number of drug discovery programs ranging from control of blood pressure, diabetes, cure for genetic diseases to treatment of cancer. A panel of different ligands including hormones, peptides, ions and small molecules is responsible for activation of these receptors. Molecular genetics has identified key GPCRs, whose mutations or altered expressions are linked with tumorgenicity. In this review, we discussed recent advances regarding the involvement of GPCRs in the development of cancers and approaches to manipulating the mechanism behind GPCRs involved tumor growth and metastasis to treat different types of human cancer. This review provides an insight into the current scenario of GPCR-targeted therapy, progress to date and the challenges in the development of anticancer drugs.